Table of Contents
What Is Surgical Sperm Retrieval?
Surgical sperm retrieval is a medical procedure used to collect sperm directly from the testicles or epididymis in men who have no sperm (azoospermia) or very few healthy sperm in their semen. It is often used in combination with ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) during IVF.
At Dr. Richa Gangwar’s fertility clinic in Lucknow, surgical sperm retrieval has helped many couples with male factor infertility fulfill their dream of parenthood through safe and advanced techniques.
Why Is It Needed?
In some men, sperm is not present in the ejaculate due to:
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Obstructive azoospermia – a blockage in the reproductive tract
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Non-obstructive azoospermia – poor sperm production by the testicles
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Failed vasectomy reversals
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Genetic conditions or hormonal imbalances
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Prior infections, surgeries, or injuries
Even when ejaculation doesn’t contain sperm, there may still be viable sperm in the testicles or nearby tissues — which can be retrieved surgically and used for fertilization.
Types of Surgical Sperm Retrieval Procedures
There are several techniques based on the underlying cause and sperm location:
1. TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration)
A needle is inserted into the testicle to extract a small amount of tissue containing sperm. It’s done under local or general anesthesia and is minimally invasive.
2. PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration)
Sperm are retrieved from the epididymis using a fine needle, typically used in obstructive cases.
3. TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction)
A small incision is made in the testicle to retrieve tissue, often used in non-obstructive azoospermia.
4. Micro-TESE (Microsurgical TESE)
Performed under a microscope to locate sperm in men with severe production issues.
At our clinic, we select the least invasive and most effective method based on your diagnosis and treatment plan.
Who Is a Good Candidate?
Surgical sperm retrieval is ideal for men who:
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Have no sperm in semen (azoospermia)
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Have had a vasectomy but wish to conceive
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Have had previous failed IUI/IVF cycles due to sperm quality issues
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Are producing sperm in the testes, but it doesn’t appear in the ejaculate
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Prefer retrieval over donor sperm
Your hormonal profile, testicular size, medical history, and partner’s age and fertility also play a role in determining suitability.
Dr. Richa Gangwar works closely with each couple to offer a tailored, ethical fertility plan.
What to Expect During the Procedure
The procedure is usually done on an outpatient basis. Depending on the technique used:
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You may receive local or short general anesthesia
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The doctor will aspirate or extract tissue from the testes or epididymis
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The tissue is immediately examined under a microscope for healthy sperm
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If found, the sperm is either used fresh for ICSI or frozen for future use
Discomfort is mild and short-term, with most men resuming normal activities in a day or two.
Risks, Success Rates & Recovery
Surgical sperm retrieval is considered safe and effective. However, like any procedure, there are a few risks:
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Mild pain or swelling
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Rare chances of bleeding or infection
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In some non-obstructive cases, sperm may not be retrievable
Success depends on the underlying condition, but when sperm are found and used with ICSI, pregnancy success rates are encouraging, especially when the female partner’s health is optimal.
At Dr. Richa Gangwar’s center, our team ensures gentle handling, emotional support, and advanced lab coordination to improve outcomes.
Making the Right Choice
Deciding on surgical sperm retrieval can feel overwhelming — especially for men, who may already feel discouraged by fertility struggles.
But it’s important to remember: needing help doesn’t make you weak. It means you’re choosing hope, partnership, and modern science to support your family journey.
Dr. Richa and her team offer complete transparency, counselling, and medical insight before recommending this option. We walk you through the risks, benefits, and alternatives with sensitivity and care.
Final Thoughts: There Is Hope
Male infertility is common, but it is also treatable. With surgical sperm retrieval, many couples who once thought pregnancy was impossible now hold their babies in their arms.
At Dr. Richa Gangwar’s fertility clinic in Lucknow, we blend compassion with cutting-edge technology to give you the best chance at success.
Whether you’re just starting your journey or exploring ICSI and sperm retrieval, you are not alone — and there is help, hope, and healing waiting for you here.
